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Jharkhand, whose name translates to “a piece of the jungle” (“jhar” meaning jungle and “khand” meaning part), is celebrated for its verdant forests. This region is also distinguished by its rich tribal heritage, with 26% of the population belonging to various tribes. Among the 32 tribes in Jharkhand, eight are considered primitive. These tribes share an enduring, symbiotic relationship with the forest, embodying true guardianship and reverence for nature. Their connection to the natural world permeates their traditions, culture, cuisine, and even their surnames. For example, “Toppo” denotes a type of bird, “Bara” signifies a Banyan tree, “Lakra” means Lakadbaggha (Hyena), “Minz” means Fish and “Kujur” means Date palm, all reflecting their intrinsic bond with flora and fauna.
In the Chainpur block of the Gumla district, the tribal community (Oraon tribe) showcases a unique blend of culture and nature worship. Central to their tradition is the veneration of “Banjari Maata” or “Sarna Maata,” a deity revered as the protector of forests and livestock. This sacred ritual takes place in August, during the month of “Bhado”. It is known as Banjari festival or Kadleto festival (Karma festival). The community hold a deep-seated belief that Banjari Maata watches over their livestock as they graze in the forest, ensuring their safe return home each evening. An integral part of this worship is the Saru plant, which is forbidden to be cut throughout the year except on the day of the ceremony. They believe that cutting the plant on any other day would bring misfortune to the forest and the animals.
This tradition vividly illustrates the profound respect and protective relationship that the tribes of Jharkhand maintain with their natural environment, marking them as true stewards and lovers of nature. Their cultural practices and beliefs serve as a testament to their role as the custodians of the forest and its inhabitants.
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